This assessment builds on existing data and analysis from two prior publications: From Exclusion to Ownership, which was published by the Rights and Resources Initiative (RRI) in 2008 and provided data for nine countries in Asia, and Tropical Forest Tenure Assessment – Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities, jointly published by RRI and the International Tropical Timber Organization in 2009 and 2011. Figures are updated for four countries (Cambodia, China, Indonesia and Thailand [2010 only]) and two countries (Nepal and Vietnam) are added following the same methodology used in From Exclusion to Ownership. Apart from government sources (other than reported by FAO) the data were triangulated through country and international experts.